The use of media has significantly transformed modern sports by creating a new dimension of interaction between athletes, fans and media. Despite its significant role in transforming modern sports, it can become a source of stress when its use is not appropriately managed. This paper argued the role of social media use on athletes. A critical review and synthesis of literature was conducted on the impact of social media usage on athletes. Social media serves positively as a resource and negatively as stressor. Positively, it enhances athletes’ fan interaction, builds social support and provides platforms for advocacy, facilitates personal branding and creates commercial opportunities. Conversely, it exposes athletes to cyberbullying, trolling, fear of negative evaluation, increased performance pressure, information overload and sleep disruption, all of which compromise overall well-being and athletic performance. These outcomes are influenced by individual differences, digital literacy, type of engagement and organizational support. This paper concludes that social media impact is dichotomous; as a resource, which offers invaluable opportunities for connection, support and career development, and also a potential source of psychological stress. It is recommended that interventions including digital literacy education, mindful media use, curated digital environments and integrated psychological support be fostered within sport organizations to enhance their benefits and mitigate associated risks.